![]() Then the two layers are brought extremely close together-interatomic close. The bottom layer is filled with “holes,” or places that a roving electron can occupy. The top layer is electron-rich, and these electrons can move freely. What Sedrakyan and his colleagues have done is to engineer a frustration machine: a bilayer semiconducting device. But in a frustrated quantum system, there are infinite possibilities that stem from the interaction of particles-perhaps the billiard ball levitates or zooms off at an impossible angle-and some of these infinite possibilities can lead to novel quantum states. In other words, the effects and the particles are correlated. Typically, particles in any system bump into each other, and in so doing they cause predictable effects, like billiard balls knocking into each other and then reacting in a predictable pattern. Rendering of the moat band, which frustrates particles and leads to the chiral bose-liquid state. “You find quantum states of matter way out on these fringes,” says Sedrakyan, “and they are much wilder than the three classical states we encounter in our everyday lives.” But once you venture beyond the everyday-into temperatures approaching absolute zero, things smaller than a fraction of an atom or which have extremely low states of energy-the world looks very different. Under everyday conditions, matter can be a solid, liquid, or gas. Called the “chiral bose-liquid state,” the discovery opens a new path in the age-old effort to understand the nature of the physical world. “Chiral bose-liquid state” is a new phase of matter, according to UMass Amherst professor.Ī team of physicists, including University of Massachusetts assistant professor Tigran Sedrakyan, recently announced in the journal Nature that they have discovered a new phase of matter. ![]() For Experimental Physicists, Quantum Frustration Leads to Fundamental Discovery The discovery, requiring high magnetic fields for observation, expands our understanding of the physical world and could have applications in fault-tolerant digital data encoding. Physicists have discovered a new phase of matter, the “chiral bose-liquid state.” This state, discovered through the exploration of kinetic frustration in quantum systems, exhibits robust properties such as unchangeable electron spin and long-range entanglement.
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